Oligodendroglial Densities and Myelin Structure Are Altered in <scp>TDP</scp> ‐43 Related Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. However, the surrounding glia, including oligodendrocytes, also exhibit ALS pathology and TDP‐43 related dysfunction. Given that oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, are essential for motor neuron function, they may play an underappreciated role in ALS. Here, we have extensively characterized the oligodendrocyte lineage and myelin integrity in the TDP‐43 Q331K mouse model of ALS. In the lumbar spinal cord of end‐stage male TDP‐43 Q331K mice (TDP‐43), compared to wild‐type littermates (WT), oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) density, oligodendrocyte proliferation, and differentiation were all increased. There was no correlative increase in the density of mature oligodendrocytes, which was determined to be due to an increase in oligodendroglial apoptosis. In end‐stage mice, myelin reflectance was increased in the dorsal column of TDP‐43 mice, while electron microscopy showed myelin damage and misfolding in the TDP‐43 mice. Our data suggest that the oligodendrocyte lineage is impacted in TDP‐43 related ALS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".