Bondi-like Accretion Flow Dynamics: The Role of Gravitational Potential
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The formation of massive black holes and their coevolution with host galaxies are pivotal areas of modern astrophysics. Spherical accretion onto a central point mass serves as a foundational framework in cosmological simulations, semi-analytical models, and observational studies. In this paper, we extend the classical spherical accretion model by incorporating the gravitational potential of host galaxies, including contributions from stellar components and dark matter (DM) halos. Numerical solutions spanning scales from parsecs down to ∼10 r s reveal that the flow structure is highly sensitive to the mass and size of the DM halo. Adding a small amount of angular momentum to the accreting gas demonstrates that such flows resemble spherical Bondi accretion, with mass accretion rates converging toward the Bondi rate. We find that the low angular momentum flow resembles the spherical Bondi flow, and its mass accretion rate approaches the Bondi accretion rate. Remarkably, due to the presence of DM, the mass accretion rate increases by more than ∼100% compared to analogous hydrodynamic solutions without DM. These findings underscore the critical role of stellar and DM gravitational potentials in shaping the dynamics and accretion rates of quasi-spherical flows, providing new insights into astrophysical accretion processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".