Valorization of glass fiber-thermoset composite waste in cement: Consequences on the fresh-state properties of cement paste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of glass fiber-thermoset-based composite waste as an alternative supplementary cementitious material to partially substitute Portland cement is promising. This work assesses the consequences of incorporating glass fiber-thermoset composite waste powder on the fresh state properties of cement pastes. The characterization of thermosetting resins’ behavior in cement pore solutions shows that, depending on the nature of the resin from the composite waste powder, chemical degradation phenomena may occur, releasing carboxylate ions-based leachates. The results indicate that these composite waste leachates adsorb at the surface of cement particles, delaying the setting time of cement pastes by over two hours, and reducing superplasticizer efficiency by nearly 50 % through a competitive adsorption phenomenon. Both effects pose significant challenges for the fresh-state performance of concrete incorporating this type of waste. • Thermoset-based composite waste undergoes hydrolysis in cement suspensions. • Leachates are released, in function of the resin’s nature. • Composite waste leachates adsorb at the surface of cement particles. • Leachates lead to a delay on the setting time of cement pastes. • Carboxylate-based leachates trigger competitive adsorption with superplasticizers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".