Separation of Bovine Serum Albumin and Humic Acid Using Antifouling Ultrafiltration Membranes Based on the Blends of Poly(Amide Imide) and Zirconium Containing <scp>MOF</scp> ‐808
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hybrid poly(amide imide) (PAI) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were successfully fabricated using MOF‐808 for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and humic acid (HA). The zirconium‐based MOF‐808 was synthesized by a straightforward solvothermal process, and its chemical functionality was confirmed by FTIR and XRD. The crystalline and granular structure of MOF‐808 was clearly visible in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The surface functionalities of the membranes were analyzed using FTIR and XRD. The PAI membrane containing 4 wt.% of MOF‐808 exhibited a contact angle (CA) of 57.8°, water uptake of 75.1%, pure water flux (PWF) of 139.2 Lm −2 h −1 , and porosity of 27.4%, indicating increased surface hydrophilicity of the hybrid membranes. The antifouling behavior was evaluated using BSA and HA foulants. The flux recovery ratio (FRR) of the hybrid membranes increased to above 90% during the rejection of BSA and HA, demonstrating their antifouling properties and excellent separation ability. Overall results clearly show that the PAI/MOF‐808 hybrid UF membranes are promising for water and wastewater treatment.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it