Synthesis and Reactivity of Organozinc Reagents Derived From γ-Bromocrotonate Ester in Continuous Flow
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Reformatsky reaction is a well-established method for the synthesis of β-hydroxyesters, a structural motif commonly found in natural products. While continuous-flow adaptations of the traditional Reformatsky reaction, which offer improved safety and efficiency, have been reported, related transformations using γ-bromocrotonate esters have not yet been explored in flow chemistry. Under batch conditions, the corresponding organozinc reagent can yield both γ- and α-adducts, depending on the metal employed and the specific reaction parameters. In this study, we report the first Reformatsky-type reaction in continuous flow using ethyl γ-bromocrotonate, with conditions optimized to favor γ-selectivity and the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols. Zinc dust was utilized as the reagent, and the reaction scope was demonstrated with a variety of carbonyl compounds, including in a four-step synthesis of piperine. Furthermore, the synthesis of ethyl γ-bromocrotonate was efficiently accomplished under continuous-flow conditions on a multigram scale via a Wohl–Ziegler bromination.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it