Design and Validation of Hybrid Couplers for Satellite Feed Networks in Ka and QV Bands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The performance of satellite communication systems depends on the efficiency and reliability of the feeding structure, which directly impacts link quality, data transmission rates, and signal reception sensitivity. This paper presents the design, optimization, and experimental validation of three hybrid couplers operating at Ka and QV bands, which are critical for modern low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite applications. The proposed designs employ both E-plane and H-plane coupling techniques to achieve wideband operation, high isolation, and minimal insertion loss. The couplers are optimized for size, weight, and power (SWaP) considerations, ensuring suitability for space applications. A comprehensive study for thermal, power, and passive intermodulation analysis is performed to evaluate their performance under realistic operating conditions. Fabrication and experimental testing validate the proposed designs, showing an agreement between simulated and measured results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".