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Record W4415127038 · doi:10.1080/23311886.2025.2568185

A Systems Thinking Framework for Assessing and Enhancing Jordan’s Progress Towards SDG 16.1

2025· article· en· W4415127038 on OpenAlex
Rasha Ahmed Al-Rkebat

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueCogent Social Sciences · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicRegulation and Compliance Studies
Canadian institutionsEnvironment and Climate Change Canada
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSociotechnical systemLeverage (statistics)Causal loop diagramCybercrimeUnemploymentSocioeconomic statusProperty crimeDescriptive statisticsCompetence (human resources)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study was initially designed to assess Jordan’s decade-long progress toward sustainable development goal (SDG) 16.1. However, that assessment revealed a puzzling ‘Jordanian paradox’, which necessitated the development of a systems-thinking framework to explain the data and pinpoint leverage points for accelerated violence reduction. Drawing on 11 years (2013–2023) of official police and socioeconomic data series, we combine descriptive statistics, trend lines, Pearson correlations (with a focus on |r| > 0.80) and high-fit (R2 > 0.75) regression models. The data show that while violent and property offenses fell significantly, drug-trafficking and cybercrime surged. Two feedback structures explain this paradox. A balancing loop shows that conventional policing suppresses traditional violence. A reinforcing loop links high unemployment and broader socioeconomic strain to modern, networked offenses that erode public trust, deter investment, and feed back into unemployment. A policy-ready causal loop diagram (CLD) visualizes these dynamics. Scenario modeling indicates that cutting unemployment by two percentage points could prevent approximately 1990 drug cases and 2200 cyber incidents annually, while producing only a modest uptick in crimes against persons. Sustaining SDG 16.1 gains, therefore, requires an integrated package that simultaneously weakens the reinforcing loop – through youth jobs, social protection and digital-literacy programs – and strengthens the balancing loop via targeted cyber- and border-security measures.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies, Scholarly communication
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.582
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.058
GPT teacher head0.356
Teacher spread0.298 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it