Nonparametric Inference for the Covariate‐Adjusted Youden Index and Associated Cut‐Off Points for Three Ordinal Diagnostic Groups
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose point estimators and confidence intervals for the Youden index and optimal cut-off points in the context of three ordinal diagnostic groups, accounting for the presence of covariates. Using heteroscedastic regression models, we introduce two point estimators based on different assumptions and examine their asymptotic properties. Additionally, we present confidence intervals for the covariate-adjusted Youden index and its corresponding optimal cut-off points. The performance of the proposed estimators and confidence intervals is evaluated through a Monte Carlo simulation study. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our methods to an Alzheimer's disease dataset.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.119 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it