Democratic backsliding and the populist challenge for public administration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Democratic backsliding is a threat to democracies around the world. While populist governments remain the exception in some European countries such as Germany, other established democracies have already gained extensive experience. With regard to the practices and processes of policy-making under populists in power, particular importance is given to public administration in the context of democratic backsliding, as the backsliding governments explicitly advance their illiberal agendas through the use of public services. Thus, public administration is conflicted: On the one hand, as a bureaucratic organisation, it is instrumentally obliged to the government. On the other hand, however, it can become complicit in democratic regressions that undermine the constitutional values to which it is also committed. This review provides an in-depth overview of the current state of knowledge in political science regarding the role of public administration regarding populist attacks as well as administrative reactions and resilience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".