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Record W4415177242 · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00412.2025

Endocrine enigmas: vascular health in females throughout the lifespan

2025· review· en· W4415177242 on OpenAlexafffund
Jenna C. Stone, Margie H. Davenport, Kerrie L. Moreau, Kyra E. Pyke, Megan M. Wenner, Jennifer S. Williams, Maureen J. MacDonald

Bibliographic record

VenueAmerican Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
Canadian institutionsUniversity of AlbertaUniversity of TorontoMcMaster University
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNational Institutes of HealthNational Institute on AgingUniversity of AlbertaHeart and Stroke Foundation of CanadaCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsVeterans Affairs Canada
KeywordsEndocrine systemEstrogenMenopauseDiseaseMenstrual cycleVascular diseaseSubclinical infectionHormone

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

It is well established that gonadal hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, influence vascular function and structure. Premenopausal females experience fluctuations in these hormones during each menstrual cycle, transiently during pregnancy, and during the menopause transition; yet the impact of these hormonal fluctuations on vascular health remains something of an enigma. This review aims to unravel this enigma by 1) discussing how the exclusion of females in vascular research has influenced diagnoses of cardiovascular disease, and overall disease burden, 2) outlining the utility of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis for the early identification of cardiovascular disease, and 3) highlighting the changes in vascular function and structure that have been observed during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.014

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.335
Teacher spread0.312 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations4
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueAmerican Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology→Same topicCerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases→French-language works237,207→