Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy adults following acute aerobic exercise and a 6-hour recovery in temperate and hot environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports cognitive function and is released into systemic circulation in response to exercise or heat exposure. However, the relationship between exercise- and heat-induced BDNF responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is poorly understood, especially across age groups. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of two studies. Study 1 assessed exercise-intensity dependent BDNF responses in PBMCs from 10 young (22 ± 2.2 years) and 10 older (70 ± 4.6 years) males following 30 minutes of cycling at 40%, 55%, and 70% of peak oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ) in a temperate environment (∼25°C, 15% relative humidity). Study 2 assessed the effect of ambient temperature on age- and sex-dependent BDNF responses in PBMCs from 20 young (23 ± 2.8 years) and 20 older (69 ± 3.8 years) adults (equal females) following 30 minutes of cycling at 70% of VO 2peak in temperate and hot (40°C, 15% relative humidity) environments. PBMCs were assessed before, immediately after, and following 3 and 6 hours of recovery via Western blot. In Study 1, BDNF content in PBMCs increased by ∼35% following exercise in the temperate environment and remained elevated for 6 hours, regardless of exercise intensity, with older males exhibiting greater increases than young males at 40% of VO 2peak . In Study 2, heat exposure attenuated BDNF elevations by ∼15% across groups. Altogether, we showed that exercise increases BDNF content in PBMCs, independent of intensity, in males. When exercise at 70% of VO 2peak was performed in the heat, BDNF responses were attenuated irrespective of group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".