Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy adults following acute aerobic exercise and a 6-hour recovery in temperate and hot environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports cognitive function and is released into systemic circulation in response to exercise or heat exposure. However, the relationship between exercise- and heat-induced BDNF responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is poorly understood, especially across age groups. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of two studies. Study 1 assessed exercise-intensity dependent BDNF responses in PBMCs from 10 young (22 ± 2.2 years) and 10 older (70 ± 4.6 years) males following 30 minutes of cycling at 40%, 55%, and 70% of peak oxygen consumption (VO 2peak ) in a temperate environment (∼25°C, 15% relative humidity). Study 2 assessed the effect of ambient temperature on age- and sex-dependent BDNF responses in PBMCs from 20 young (23 ± 2.8 years) and 20 older (69 ± 3.8 years) adults (equal females) following 30 minutes of cycling at 70% of VO 2peak in temperate and hot (40°C, 15% relative humidity) environments. PBMCs were assessed before, immediately after, and following 3 and 6 hours of recovery via Western blot. In Study 1, BDNF content in PBMCs increased by ∼35% following exercise in the temperate environment and remained elevated for 6 hours, regardless of exercise intensity, with older males exhibiting greater increases than young males at 40% of VO 2peak . In Study 2, heat exposure attenuated BDNF elevations by ∼15% across groups. Altogether, we showed that exercise increases BDNF content in PBMCs, independent of intensity, in males. When exercise at 70% of VO 2peak was performed in the heat, BDNF responses were attenuated irrespective of group. • Exercise at any intensity elevated BDNF content in PBMCs in young and older males. • BDNF responses were blunted when high-intensity exercise was performed in the heat. • Heat stress may influence BDNF’s neuroprotective role during exercise in the heat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".