← Back to cohort
Deuteron identification via time of flight with LHCb
Carlos Abellán Beteta, Thomas Ackernley, A. A. Adefisoye, M. Adinolfi, Christine Angela Aidala, Ziad Ajaltouni, Muzammil Akthar, F. Alessio, S. Amato, J. L. Amey, Y. Amhis, Y. Amhis, L. Anderlini, M. Andersson, P. Andreola, Mirco Andreotti, Dong Ao, F. Archilli, S. Arguedas Cuendis, Lisa Arnone, E. Aslanides, Rita Ataíde da Silva, M. Atzeni, Benjamin Audurier, B. Audurier, D. Bacher, I. Bachiller, S. Bachmann, Marie Bachmayer, Z. Baldwin, C. Barbero Pretel, Ivanildo Rui Barbosa, Roger Barlow, W. Barter, W. Barter, B. Batsukh, M. Becker, M. Becker, I. Bediaga, I. Belov, I. Belyaev, G. Bencivenni, A. Berezhnoy, S. Bernet Andres, F. Betti, J. Bex, M. S. Bieker, N. V. Biesuz, Matthew Birch, F. C. R. Bishop, T. Blake, T. Blake, Jonah Evan Blank, S. Blusk, J. A. Boelhauve, C. S. Bolognani, R. Bolzonella, Riccardo Bonacci, N. Bondar, M. Borsato, M. Borsato, J. T. Borsuk, Sonia Amina Bouchiba, Marcelo Bovill, T. J. V. Bowcock, C. Bozzi, J. Brodzicka, E. Buchanan, Jan Buytaert, W. Byczynski, W. Byczynski, Hao Cai, Saul Calderon Ramirez, P. Campana, L. Capriotti, L. Carcedo Salgado, R. Cardinale, L. Carus, A. Casais Vidal, Gianluigi Casse, Felipe Cesário Laterza Lopes, Philippe Charpentier, Ph. Charpentier, 陈晨, S. Chen, Zewen Chen, M. Cherif, S. Chernyshenko, A. Chubykin, P. Cifra, Peter Clarke, P. E. L. Clarke, J. Closier, Victor Coco, Julien Cogan, T. Colombo, M. Colonna, James Connaughton, N. Cooke, J. Cottee Meldrum, Daniel Charles Craik, R. Currie, S. Dadabaev, E. Dall’Occo, J. Daniel, G. Darze, A. Davidson, Oscar de Aguiar Francisco, Camilla de Angelis, J. de Boer, S. De Capua, Michel de Cian, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca, E. De Lucia, L. De Paula, L. De Paula, P. De Simone, P. De Simone, J. A. de Vries, Sam Michael Dekkers, J. Deng, Vadym Denysenko, O. Deschamps, P. Di Nezza, Alex Patrick Doheny, C. Dong, Andrew Jay Dowling, A. D. Dowling, Weisong Duan, W. Duan, V. Duk, John Matthew Durham, Ozgur Durmus, Sajan Easo, Ellinor Eckstein, V. Egorychev, Jan Hendrik Ellbracht, S. Ely, Sevda Esen, Timothy Evans, Saba Faghih, R. Fantechi, K. Farmer, D. Fazzini, L. Felkowski, M. Féo, Miguel Fernandez Gomez, Alex Daniel Fernez, M. Ferro-Luzzi, S. Filippov, Rosa Anna Fini, R. A. Fini, D. S. Fitzgerald, T. Fiutowski, Marianna Fontana, R. Forty, V. Franco Lima, M. Franco Sevilla, G. Frau, C. Frei, J. Fu, G. Galati, S. Gambetta, S. Gambetta, Han Gao, R. Gao, Y. Gao, Yuxi Gao, Kunal Garg, Timothy Gershon, Simon Ghizzo, V. Gibson, H. K. Giemza, Lucas George Girardey, M. A. Giza, A. Golutvin, Wojciech Gomułka, Guanghua Gong, Luis Alberto Granado Cardoso, Nathan Allen Grieser, E. Gushchin, Kai Sebastian Habermann, T. Hadavizadeh, C. Hadjivasiliou, Samuel James Haken, Phoebe Meredith Hamilton, S. Hansmann-Menzemer, N. Harnew, M. Hartmann, Sabin Hashmi, Andreea-Irina Hedes, Louis Henry, Anna-Maria Heyn, Guillermo Hijano Mendizabal, Ruiwen Hou, Y. R. Hou, Wenhua Hu, W. Hulsbergen, W. D. Hulsbergen, P. Ilten, Axel Iohner, К. Ившин, Z. Jiao, E. Jiang, E. Jimenez Moya, B. Jost, N. Jurik, Michael James Kane, M. Karacson, Anni Kauniskangas, M. K. Kazanecki, M. Kenzie, S. Kholodenko, Veronica Soelund Kirsebom, S. Klaver, M. R. Kmiec, Serhii Koliiev, L. Kolk, P. Koppenburg, S. Kotriakhova, P. Kravchenko, Oleg Kravcov, M. Kreps, P. Krokovny, W. Krzemień, M. Kucharczyk, Bogdan Kutsenko, Paloma Laguarta Gonzalez, A. Lai, D. Lancierini, O. Lantwin, Ho Sang Lee, R. Lefèvre, Olivier Leroy, B. Leverington, Kechen Li, Manshu Li, Peilian Li, Pei‐Rong Li, Qinze Li, T. Li, T. Li, Yiming Li, Yujie Li, Zhengchen Lian, Qiming Liang, X. Liang, X. Liang, Simone Libralon, Tai-Hua Lin, R. Litvinov, D. Liu, Guoming Liu, Shuaiyi Liu, Weijie Liu, Y. Liu, A. Lobo Salvia, J. H. Lopes, S. López Soliño, C. Lucarelli, Miriam Lucio Martínez, Y. Luo, Xiao-Rui Lyu, GL Ma, I. Mackay, L. M. Mackey, M. J. Madurai, Daniel Magdalinski, S. Malde, L. Malentacca, T. Maltsev, G. Manca, Federico Manganella, R. Marchevski, J. Marks, G. Martellotti, Alexia Martorell Granollers, K. R. Mattioli, Pierre Paul Louis Mayencourt, M. McCann, N. T. Mchugh, G. Meier, P. Perez, F. M. Meng, Marcel Merk, S. Monteil, A. Morcillo Gomez, G. Morello, M. J. Morello, M. P. Morgenthaler, Wouter Morren, A. G. Morris, K. Müller, Paras Naik, T. Nakada, T. Nakada, I. Nasteva, S. Neubert, P. Neustroev, J. Nicolini, Qile Niu, Pedro Nogarolli, C. Nunez, H. N. Nur, V. Obraztsov, Oleksandr Okhrimenko, R. H. O’Neil, P. Owen, A. Padee, Klaas Padeken, T. Pajero, Luca Palini, G. Panshin, A. Papanestis, M. Pappagallo, L. L. Pappalardo, C. Pappenheimer, C. Parkes, Dhruvanshu Parmar, G. Passaleva, Mitesh Patel, J. Patoc, A. Pellegrino, D. Pereima, C. Pérez, P. Perret, A. Perrevoort, K. Petridis, Serena Pezzulo, B. Pietrzyk, B. Pietrzyk, D. Pinci, V. Placinta, M. Poli Lener, A. Poluektov, Ivan Polyakov, K. Prasanth, Shah Rukh Qasim, Qucheng Qian, N. Qin, Ruta Racz, J. H. Rademacker, Victoria Ramos de Oliveira, M. Ramos Pernas, J. Reich, Z. Ren, P. K. Resmi, Gabriel Ricart, S. Ricciardi, M. Richardson-Slipper, P. Robbe, E. Rodrigues, Emilio Xose Rodriguez Fernandez, J. A. Rodriguez Lopez, Jonas Malte Roensch, A. Romero Vidal, M. S. Rudolph, R. A. Ruiz Fernandez, Medaer Sacha Emile R., S. E. R. Sacha Emile R., D. Sahoo, N. Sahoo, Matteo Salomoni, Cibran Santamarina Rios, Leonardo Santoro, E. Santovetti, Andrej Sarnatskiy, C. Satriano, H. Sazak, Stefan Schael, M. Schiller, M. Schmelling, S. Schmitt, H. Schmitz, O. Schneider, G. Schwering, B. Sciascia, George William Scriven, S. Sellam, Mara Senghi Soares, A. Sergi, D. M. Shangase, R. S. Sharma, T. Shears, Z. Shen, E. Shmanin, Mrityunjoy Singha, M. D. Sokoloff, F. J. P. Soler, A. Solomin, Niclas Sommerfeld, Y. X. Song, Yuxiang Song, Yintong Song, Bruno Souza de Paula, J. G. Speer, M. Stahl, S. Stahl, S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, E. N. Stein, O. Steinkamp, Y. Su, F. Suljik, Jiayin Sun, William Sutcliffe, K. Swientek, Yinghua Tan, Yong Tang, Yuxuan Tang, M. D. Tat, J. A. Teijeiro Jimenez, F. Teubert, Alexander Robert Thomson-Strong, Mark Tobin, T. Todorov, X. Tong, Theraa M.A Tork, D. Torres Machado, D. Y. Tou, C. Trippl, D. J. Unverzagt, Benjamin Urbach, U. Uwer, Victoria Valcarce Cadenas, J. Van Eldik, H. Van Hecke, E. van Herwijnen, C. B. Van Hulse, Carlos Vázquez Sierra, S. Vecchi, M. Veltri, Michele Verdoglia, Pol Vidrier Villalba, X. Vilasis-Cardona, Beatriz Vivacqua, C. Vrahas, J. Wagner, E. J. Walton, G. Wan, A. Wang, Chishuai Wang, G. Wang, Jialu Wang, N. W. Wang, Xiao Wang, Xiaolin Wang, Yinghao Wang, Zhenzi Wang, Ziyi Wang, David Websdale, D. Websdale, Benedict Donald C Westhenry, Benedict Donald C Westhenry, A. R. Wiederhold, Max Wiegertjes, G. Wilkinson, Morag Jean Williams, M. Williams, R. Williams, F. F. Wilson, W. Wiślicki, Thomas Wolf, S. Wotton, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, Yuehong Xie, Menglin Xu, K. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, H. Yin, X. Yin, J. A. Zamora Saa, Francesco Zenesini, M. Zeng, Dongliang Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Liming Zhang, L. Zhang, Shulei Zhang, Yuge Zhang, Z. Zhang, Xutao Zheng, Xiaokang Zhou, V. Zhovkovska, L. Z. Zhu, G. Zunica
Bibliographic record
VenueThe European Physical Journal C · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Victoria
FundersFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilAustralian Research Data CommonsCAS Center for Excellence in Particle PhysicsRégion Auvergne-Rhône-AlpesCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueNational Academy of Sciences of UkraineMax-Planck-GesellschaftDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronGeneralitat ValencianaBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoU.S. Department of EnergyNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaInstitute of High Energy PhysicsNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekAgence Nationale de la RechercheEuropean CommissionFinanciadora de Estudos e ProjetosFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroLeverhulme TrustMinisterul Cercetării, Inovării şi DigitalizăriiNuclear PhysicsInstitutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara 'Horia Hulubei'CERNMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungUK Research and InnovationNational Science Foundation
KeywordsLarge Hadron ColliderParticle identificationDeuteriumDetectorIdentification (biology)Particle (ecology)
Abstract
Abstract It is shown that the timing capabilities of the LHCb detector operated during the LHC Run 2 can be used to identify light ion particles with momenta of a few GeV/ c . This is achieved by estimating the particle time of flight through a newly developed technique. A dedicated reconstruction procedure and a neural-network-based estimator of the particle speed have been developed to enable deuteron identification by suppressing the abundant background from lighter particles. The performance of the identification procedure is demonstrated in a sample of proton-helium collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle \text {NN}}} $$ s NN = 110 GeV, where the production of deuteron and triton particles is observed. This novel approach opens the way to study deuteron and antideuteron production for different collision systems at different energy scales, exploiting the rich dataset collected by the LHCb experiment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.014
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.254
Teacher spread0.245 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes