Measurement of 11-Oxo-androgens, A Novel Biomarker, in Females with Clinical Signs of Premature Adrenarche
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Endocrine findings in premature adrenarche have been characterized by elevated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels in the past. Methods: We reviewed female patients, aged 4 to 8 years, with premature adrenarche who were seen at a single center between 2019 and 2023. Data were collected on the traditional androgens (DHEA and DHEA-S) and novel 11-oxo-androgens, which were measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assays in commercial laboratories (Lab Corp). Results: The study included 44 girls. The majority, 89% of patients from the youngest group (4-5 years olds), presented with apocrine odor as the only symptom of premature adrenarche. We have demonstrated that DHEA and DHEA-S levels were within the normal range in many girls with premature adrenarche, whereas 11-oxo-androgens, particularly 11-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-beta-hydroxytestosterone, were elevated. Out of those with normal DHEA-S, 75% had elevated 11-hydroxyandrostenedione, and 77.8% of those patients with normal DHEA had the same elevated oxo-androgen. Moreover, advanced bone age greater than 1 year compared to chronological age was positively associated with 11-ketotestosterone [Spearman rho=0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.57, p=0.0429] and 11β-hydroxy testosterone (Spearman rho=0.32, 95% CI: 0.01-0.58, p=0.0395). Conclusion: We propose that 11-oxo-androgens are a more sensitive steroid to be measured when premature adrenarche is suspected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".