Measurement of 11-Oxo-androgens, A Novel Biomarker, in Females with Clinical Signs of Premature Adrenarche
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Endocrine findings in premature adrenarche have been characterized by elevated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels in the past. Methods: We reviewed female patients, aged 4 to 8 years, with premature adrenarche who were seen at a single center between 2019 and 2023. Data were collected on the traditional androgens (DHEA and DHEA-S) and novel 11-oxo-androgens, which were measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assays in commercial laboratories (Lab Corp). Results: The study included 44 girls. The majority, 89% of patients from the youngest group (4-5 years olds), presented with apocrine odor as the only symptom of premature adrenarche. We have demonstrated that DHEA and DHEA-S levels were within the normal range in many girls with premature adrenarche, whereas 11-oxo-androgens, particularly 11-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-beta-hydroxytestosterone, were elevated. Out of those with normal DHEA-S, 75% had elevated 11-hydroxyandrostenedione, and 77.8% of those patients with normal DHEA had the same elevated oxo-androgen. Moreover, advanced bone age greater than 1 year compared to chronological age was positively associated with 11-ketotestosterone [Spearman rho=0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.57, p=0.0429] and 11β-hydroxy testosterone (Spearman rho=0.32, 95% CI: 0.01-0.58, p=0.0395). Conclusion: We propose that 11-oxo-androgens are a more sensitive steroid to be measured when premature adrenarche is suspected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".