Detection, cerebrovascular complications and risk factors associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia, a condition characterized by increased length, volume, and curvature of vertebrobasilar system, has been linked to an increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases. However, the evidence on its morphological components and risk factors for these diseases is contradictory. The lack of consensus about its characteristics, detection, cerebrovascular complications, or risk factors highlights the need for a review that synthesizes this information. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze and synthesize the literature on diagnostic and detection criteria, risk factors and cerebrovascular complications associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR statement. The search was carried out in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Data on adult population with a confirmed diagnosis of vertebrobasilar tortuosity or dolichoectasia through computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging compared with a control group were included, and excluding studies whose participants presented another neurological pathology coexisting with the cerebrovascular disease. The information was extracted, evaluated, and synthesized to provide a concrete view of the current evidence. Additionally, methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Of 1,373 identified studies, 18 met the eligibility criteria, including 3,058 participants (1,055 cases and 2003 controls). Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia components, independently or associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, or smoking, are associated with a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease, mainly in the posterior circulation, affecting brain regions as brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus and occipital cortex. Conclusion: The findings suggest an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease when vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia or its components are present. More studies are necessary to quantify the risk of dolichoectasia components in different types of cerebrovascular disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.063 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.019 | 0.020 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".