Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a description of null values for both space and time. In context, a recent theory proposes a universe with fewer than three spatial dimensions—comprising one to two physical dimensions and one dimension of time. The proposal uses a hologram analogy, suggesting that our three-dimensional experience is a projection from a lower-dimensional space. The equations in this paper describe time and space as having null values and propose that the fundamental nature of our physics is dimensionless. The starting point is the expression of a zero value for the sum of all velocity vectors of all particles in all reference frames across the universe, supported by evidence of an isotropic universe. An extension of this expression leads to the conclusion that all momentum, and consequently all inertia, are zero. In this framework, objects lacking inertia are permitted to move at the speed of light within the framework. Using the Lorentz transformations, the paper demonstrates that photons—and anything that could be considered to move at the speed of light relative to photons—experienced no elapsed time or distance. When applying the second law of thermodynamics over the universe's age, a zero vector sum of velocities for all particles becomes evident at both ends of the time scale, with isotropy maintained. This suggests that the early universe was in a state of low entropy, homogeneity, and thermal equilibrium. The solution to the Friedman equation for an open universe predicts a future state of maximum entropy and isotropy. Additionally, a solution to a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with zero time and space variables aligns with the proposed concept. The paper also compares two other concepts in physics—wormholes and entanglement—which suggest the possibility of events involving zero effective distance and zero time.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".