Insights into 3D particle crushing under dynamic conditions using an improved variable bond force peridynamic model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simulation of particle crushing is a critical topic in computational mechanics, and in particular, 3D dynamic damage analysis using peridynamics (PD) constitutes an attractive research field. This study proposes a variable bond force peridynamic model (VBF-PD) that incorporates 3D micromodulus functions for different VBF forms, which have not been presented in previous literature. The proposed VBF-PD is capable of capturing the variation of bond force density along the interaction direction of a PD bond. An improved dynamic damage model is developed to effectively simulate particle crushing. Two constraint methods are introduced to characterise the interactions of deformable particle–particle and rigid impactor–particle. Then, benchmark tests are performed to examine numerical performance of the proposed VBF-PD. The results demonstrate that the method effectively simulates particle crushing with high fidelity. The particle aggregation model is constructed to explore the effects of particle arrangements, loadings, and material properties on failure modes. The findings provide valuable insights, revealing that the behaviour of particle aggregations differs significantly from that of few-particle systems due to the complex interactions among particles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".