Abstract TH180: Sex Hormone Modulation in Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Blood Pressure Effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Blood pressure regulation is significantly influenced by biological sex and sex hormones. The transition in hypertension that occurs after menopause in women suggests a critical role for sex hormones in the heart and kidney function. However, the modulation of blood pressure by sex hormones has remained poorly understood. We did a systematic review to understand how sex hormone status or treatment affects blood pressure and hypertension. Hypothesis: The role of hormones in blood pressure regulation depends on the ratio between estrogen and androgen rather than their actual levels, as this ratio determines the response of blood vessels through the RAAS, with changes in gene expression throughout life. Methods: We used the PRISMA process to locate studies that studied the correlation between changes in hormones and blood pressure in adults. Of the studies examined, 14 began the study process (4 randomized controlled trials and 10 observational studies). Therapies aimed at changing hormone levels, for example by using hormone replacement or disrupting their action, were tested. Observers also looked at how blood pressure changes occur in menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome, and periods without androgens. For RCTs, assessing study quality was done using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, while the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for all observational studies. Results: Researchers found that dropping estrogen levels after menopause can increase blood pressure, while conditions with raised androgens (such as polycystic ovary syndrome) tend to occur with higher blood pressure. Women before menopause usually see lower BP than men of their age. According to RCTs, estrogen given to postmenopausal women tends to reduce blood pressure a little, mostly when administered through the skin (transdermal), while oral contraceptives with progestin raise blood pressure slightly. Small trials in men discovered that anti-androgen treatment slightly lowered blood pressure. The research confirms that sex hormones affect blood pressure but does not show a clear effect. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review point out that hormone levels can affect blood pressure. Hormonal intervention results were inconsistent and only moderately affected BP. We must take into account differences between men and women when it comes to hypertension, and more work is needed to define hormone-based treatments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.044 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.011 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".