Appalachian Great Valley Headward Erosion through the Lake Champlain Valley and its Implications for New England Icesheet Stagnation, New York and Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence is interpreted from a new geology and glacial history paradigm’s perspective and suggests headward erosion of the Appalachian Great Valley (Great Valley) through the Lake Champlain valley caused New England icesheet stagnation. The new paradigm interprets through valleys (including the Great Valley) now crossing the Lake Champlain-Hudson River drainage divide to have been eroded by huge and prolonged meltwater floods which flowed across the rising rim of an icesheet created and occupied deep “hole.” East of the Great Valley the floodwaters flowed southward across a rising Green Mountain region from the Lake Champlain area toward the Housatonic River valley until Batten Kill valley headward erosion from the actively eroding Great Valley captured that flow. Next Great Valley headward erosion into the Lake Champlain valley beheaded and reversed south-oriented floodwaters moving to Batten Kill on the now north-oriented Mettawee River and Otter Creek alignments. West of the Great Valley the floodwaters flowed in a southwest direction from the Lake Champlain area across a rising Adirondack Mountain region and into today’s northeast Susquehanna River drainage basin area until Great Valley headward erosion enabled Mohawk River valley headward erosion to capture that flow which headward erosion of the southeast-oriented Hudson River headwaters valley next captured. Subsequently Great Valley headward erosion through what is now the Lake Champlain valley beheaded and reversed southwest oriented flood flow routes to create northeast-oriented Lake Champlain tributaries such as the Ausable River. A thought experiment then demonstrates how during a thick continental icesheet’s decay ice-walled canyons carved by immense supraglacial meltwater rivers converged to the north of the Lake Champlain area and led to Saint Lawrence River formation and to New England icesheet stagnation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".