Outbreak of Respiratory Disease Due to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus with Concomitant Infections by Histophilus somni and Pasteurella multocida in Adult Dairy Cows and Calves from Southern Brazil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a key contributor to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) worldwide, there are few detailed reports of BRSV-related outbreaks in Brazil. This study describes the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), and molecular findings from a BRD outbreak in adult dairy cows from Southern Brazil. The affected cattle had dyspnea, nasal discharge, and coughing. One cow died, and samples were collected for diagnosis. Histopathology revealed interstitial pneumonia with multinucleated giant cells. IHC identified BRSV antigens in pulmonary tissue. A multiplex real-time PCR identified BRSV, Histophilus somni, and Pasteurella multocida in nasal and oral swabs, while only BRSV and H. somni were detected in the tissues of the cow that died. All animals had co-infections involving BRSV. The average cycle threshold (Cq) values for BRSV were 27.43 (nasal) and 32.68 (oral), with significant differences (p = 0.016), indicating higher nasal shedding. This qPCR assay was effective for detecting BRD pathogens, the quantification of viral and bacterial loads in animals with BRD and can be used for the rapid detection of respiratory pathogens. The elevated BRSV detection in oral samples suggests that this route may be an alternative for the collection of samples in cattle with profuse nasal discharge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".