Self-healing capsules in early-age cementitious composites: A deterministic-probabilistic multi-scale approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Inherent variability affects capsule failure and effective properties of matrix. • Failure probability changes greatly with evolving early age concrete properties. • Reliability index for optimization of capsule design. • Neglecting drying creep effect overestimates probability of capsule rupture. Capsules for healing early-age concrete cracks should possess multi-functional properties to ensure shell rupture and release of healing agents rather than debonding from the cementitious matrix when intercepting a crack. A deterministic-probabilistic multi-scale model is developed to determine the probability of capsule rupture versus interfacial debonding induced by early age volume change. A micromechanical model along with a probabilistic model are employed for determining the maximum tensile stresses in capsule shell, radial tensile stresses on the capsule-matrix interface, and the corresponding probability index of capsule rupture and debonding. The matrix is modeled as an equivalent homogeneous medium with effective properties determined from a homogenization scheme. The influence of crack is accounted for implicitly. The model results are qualitatively in agreement with results reported in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".