Scalloped cliff formations of north polar layered deposits of mars: A new catalog
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The north polar layered deposits of Mars are composed mainly of water ice with varying fractions of dust in the layers. This almost 2-km stack records a history of accumulation and ablation that tells of climatic episodes. The layers are frequently exposed as outcrops at spiral troughs that can be inspected for geomorphological details related to deposition and ablation cycles. Here, we identify and catalog the 226 morphologic features we call “scalloped cliffs” that exhibit tell-tale signs of variable resistance to erosion in sequential layers. The spatial distribution of scalloped cliffs suggests that they are primarily near the margins on the NPLD, especially in the Gemini Scopuli region of Planum Boreum. Many are immediately associated with an unconformity, providing clues to their origin. Additionally, we present two distinct hypotheses behind their formation that relate to alternating layer properties, especially related to dust content and susceptibility to ablation. For each example, we hypothesize that the scalloped cliffs form when friable dust-rich lag deposits, at unconformities, are emplaced between more resistant icy layers and that their unique wavy appearance is due to oblique wind scouring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".