A Revised Version of the Theory of the Extended Electron (Anti-Particles of Dirac and Majorana)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This theory proposes an extended model of the electron based on the image of the screened electron in the concept of vacuum polarization of QED. The extended electron consists of a negatively charged core (- q0) which is surrounded by an assembly (an aggregation) of tiny static electric dipoles (-q, +q). When subjected to an external field, electromagnetic forces are produced on these point charges to give rise to various properties of the electron. Three major properties of the electron that will be explored in this theory are: -the effective electric charge of the electron, -the mechanism of the spin of the electron, -the mechanism of radiation of the electron. The investigation of these properties leads to various innovative explanations for the generation of anti- particle, the orbital of the electron, the strong nuclear forces between nucleons … Other topics are also listed in the following content: Content: The electric charge of the extended electron is an effective one: it changes by the action of its velocity and the applying field. The purpose of this article is to present some consequences which are related to the effectiveness of the electric charge of the electron. Section 1: Introduction: the extended model of the electron. Section 2: Recall of the electric force Fe to explain the generation of anti-particles. Section 3: The correlation between v and ε. Section 4: The orbital of the electron in the electric field of the hydrogen atom. Section 5: The strong forces between nucleons. Section 6: Fractional charge vs charge quantization. Sections 7 & 8: The upper limits: c and W of translational and rotational motions. Section 9: Discussion on different models of the electron and the impact on the Coulomb' law. Section 10: Overall conclusion. Appendix: A. Magnetic force Fm produced on the extended electron. B. The permittivity ε and the permeability µ of the extended electron.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".