Placing the Scottish Romer's Gap tetrapods within a Tournaisian time frame
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A number of early tetrapods occur in different localities from the Ballagan Formation in Scotland. These localities are within the 12 Myr time duration of the Tournaisian so it is important to be able to place them within a chronology to better understand the evolutionary relationships of the tetrapods. Palynology is used to recognise distinct assemblages in the Norham West Mains Farm borehole and the Burnmouth coastal section which become a composite standard. The Willie's Hole tetrapods (Koilops, Mesanerpeton and Perittodus) come from the lower part of the Ballagan Formation with Auchenreoch Glen (Pederpes) somewhat higher. The oldest tetrapods are from the Harbour beds at Burnmouth with the Ross end cliffs tetrapods (Aytonerpeton, Diploradus and Ossirarus) the youngest assemblage. It is not possible to place the Coldstream tetrapods as the spore assemblage is low diversity. Tantallognathus from Tantallon is early Viséan in age. Occidens portlocki, an isolated partial tetrapod jaw from a historic collection in Northern Ireland, is not of Tournaisian age and hence not from within Romer's Gap, but it can be dated as Brigantian (latest Viséan) age. The other significant Romer's Gap locality from Blue Beach, Nova Scotia, Canada, is different in age span and palaeoenvironment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".