‘Not feeling heard’ in health care: A critical review of the detrimental effects of poor-quality listening
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Listening research focuses on the benefits of good-quality listening rather than the detrimental effects of poor-quality listening on the speaker. The aim of this critical review was to identify what is known about the effects of poor-quality listening in the fields of communication, the workplace, and health care, and to synthesize this knowledge to inform research and practice in health care. Based on the evidence, a multidimensional framework is proposed encompassing clients' affective, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to poor-quality listening in health care, along with relational outcomes concerning the client and healthcare professional. This framework proposes three mechanisms underlying client reactions to perceived poor-quality listening-reflection, engagement, and motivation. When healthcare clients feel not listened to, this can have serious, wide-ranging, and cascading effects on their emotions, thoughts, and actions, leading to poor collaboration, poor-quality relationships with healthcare providers, and a lack of person-centered care.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.054 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".