Explicit simulation of microbial transport with a dual-permeability, two-site kinetic deposition formulation using the integrated surface–subsurface hydrological model HydroGeoSphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Assessing the transport behaviour of microbes in surface water–groundwater systems is important to prevent contamination of drinking-water resources by pathogens. While wellhead protection area (WHPA) delineation is predominantly based on dye injection tests and advective transport modelling, size exclusion of colloid-sized microbes from the smaller and usually less conductive pore spaces causes a faster breakthrough and thus faster apparent transport of microbes compared to that of solutes. To provide a tool for better assessment of the differences between solute and microbial transport in surface water–groundwater systems, here, we present the implementation of a dual-permeability, two-site kinetic deposition formulation for microbial transport in the integrated surface–subsurface hydrological model HydroGeoSphere (HGS). The implementation considers attachment, detachment, and inactivation of microbes in both permeability regions and allows for multispecies transport. The dual-permeability, two-site kinetic deposition implementation in HGS was verified against an analytical solution for dual-permeability colloid transport. The suitability of the model for microbial transport in integrated surface–subsurface hydrological settings at the wellfield or small headwater catchment scale is demonstrated by two illustrative examples. The first example is a benchmark for integrated rainfall–runoff and streamflow generation modelling to which we added microbial transport from a conceptual manure application, demonstrating the novelty of explicit and coupled microbial and solute transport simulations in an integrated surface–subsurface hydrological scenario. The second example is a multi-tracer flow and transport study of an idealized alluvial riverbank filtration site, in which we simulate in parallel the transport of reactive microbes, conservative 4 He, and reactive 222 Rn, demonstrating the assessment of mixing ratios, tracer breakthrough curves, and travel times in an integrated manner via multiple approaches. The developed simulation tool represents the first integrated surface–subsurface hydrological simulator for reactive solute and microbial transport and marks an important advancement to unlock and quantify governing microbial transport processes in coupled surface water–groundwater settings. It enables meaningful WHPA delineation and risk assessments of riverbank filtration sites with respect to microbial contamination even under situations of extreme hydrological and microbial stress, such as flood events.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".