Extraction of anthocyanins from cranberry pomace using HIUS and NADES: Antioxidant and antifungal activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explored the use of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to extract anthocyanins from cranberry pomace ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) for potential antifungal applications. Extraction of cranberry pomace anthocyanins was optimized by varying HIUS power levels and times. Total anthocyanin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. The choline chloride + glycerol mixture yielded 0.77 mg Cy3GE/g of total anthocyanins, comparable to ethanol (0.86 mg Cy3GE/g). Similarly, the glucose + lactic acid mixture achieved total phenolic content of 21.9 mg GAE/g similar to ethanol extraction. The choline chloride + glycerol mixture demonstrated approximately 20 – 48% inhibition against fungal growth on Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Fusarium graminearum . The extracts appeared to suppress pigment formation in Fusarium graminearum , which may indicate inhibition of secondary metabolite production related to its pathogenicity. As a comparison, bilberry anthocyanin powder demonstrated significant antifungal activity, with 400 mg/L inhibiting Fusarium graminearum and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis by 23% and 55%, respectively. This research underscores the potential of anthocyanins and green extraction methods to develop sustainable antifungal agents for wheat. • Anthocyanins of cranberry pomace were extracted with high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS). • NADES with pH 2-4 and viscosity < 20 mPa·s showed high anthocyanin yields. • HIUS anthocyanin extraction was better than pressurized fluid extraction. • HIUS energy use for anthocyanin extraction was based on power, time and yield. • Choline chloride–glycerol mixture showed inhibitory effects on fungal strains.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".