Measuring the Long and Healthy Lives of a Nation: the Health, Aging and Gender Nexus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
That a nation’s populace lives Long and Healthy Lives (LHL) is essential for its economic functioning and wellbeing. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP)’s life expectancy at birth focused LHL Index, contrary to current evidence on the health-age relationship and the health-longevity gender paradox, assumes constant health outcomes over life stage and gender divides and usually finds intertemporal improvements with superior results for women in most nations. Here, techniques that respond to ordinal data scaling critiques are developed and employed to provide indices that incorporate life stage health information. The indices are introduced in 21st Century applications to China, UK, and USA. In accord with current evidence, much variation in health outcomes over life stage and gender divides is revealed and the usual UNDP findings are reversed with intertemporal deterioration in LHL and inferior results for women, a composition effect largely the consequence of an aging population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".