Enhancing Few Shot Named Entity Recognition via Label Semantic Description and Diversity Text
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable few-shot learning capabilities on Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks, particularly through prompt-based approaches that avoid additional fine-tuning. However, despite the powerful generative and reasoning abilities of LLMs, two critical challenges remain: (1) semantic discrepancy of the same label across different datasets, which leads to recognition errors when using general labels to guide model outputs, and (2) contextual homogeneity in in-context examples, which limits the model’s ability to distinguish fine-grained entity types during inference. To address these challenges, we propose LSDNER, a dual-faceted prompt construction strategy that integrates structured label semantic descriptions and promotes context diversity. Specifically, to tackle label semantic inconsistency, we introduce a structured framework that organizes label semantic descriptions into definitions, attributes, relational features, and behavioral characteristics. This representation enables LLMs to better understand the dataset-specific semantic meanings of entity labels. To address contextual monotony, we devise a diversity-driven sampling strategy for selecting in-context demonstrations, thereby expanding semantic coverage and promoting reasoning capabilities. Experiments on three general and four domain-specific NER datasets demonstrate that our approach surpasses prompt-based methods and achieves competitive results with supervised baselines. Our code is available at: https://github.com/hui68633/LSDNER.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".