<i>Emblemasoma albicoma</i> Reinhard (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), a parasitoid of <i>Neotibicen canicularis</i> (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The New World genus Emblemasoma Aldrich (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is an acoustic parasitoid of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and includes 16 species (Pape 1996).These flies locate their adult cicada hosts by homing in on the mating call, attacking both stationary and flying cicadas (Soper et al. 1976;Stucky 2015).They have also been reported as showing an attraction to the recorded calling songs of cicadas (Soper et al. 1976;Lakes-Harlan 2009).Emblemasoma find their hosts with insect "ears" (present in both sexes), which are sound-sensitive enlarged tympanal membranes near the prosternum and connected to the anterior spiracles (Tron et al. 2016).Prior to this study, host associations were known only for two species of Emblemasoma: E. erro Aldrich with hosts Quesada gigas (Olivier) (Lopes 1971), Ameritibicen dorsatus (Say) (Stucky 2015) and Neotibicen linnei (Smith and Grossbeck) (Young 2020); and E. auditrix (Shewell) with host Okanagana rimosa (Say) (Soper et al. 1976).Parasitized cicadas are primarily calling males and only occasionally are females parasitized, likely due to their close proximity to a calling male (Stucky 2015; Young 2020).Males of E. erro are also attracted to calling male cicadas, around which they then engage in mate-finding behaviour (Stucky 2016).In addition, males of Emblemasoma are known to concentrate at hilltops, presumably for mating purposes, as evidenced from specimens of E. erro in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC, Ottawa) collected at hilltops.This study began with the opportunistic collection of a barely-alive male cicada of the species Neotibicen canicularis (Harris) in a park in Ottawa, Ontario on 12 August 2013.The specimen was placed in a vial, and after several weeks a dead, shrunken sarcophagid larva was discovered along with the then-dead cicada.No morphological identification of the larva beyond family was possible.Following this chance discovery of parasitism, similarly lethargic specimens of N. canicularis were collected in subsequent years at entrances to the K.W. Neatby Building on the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa (4523.5N7542.9W)during
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".