Multiplexed Fiber-Optic Fluorescence for Functional Monitoring of Perfused Hearts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monitoring molecular dynamics in the heart is essential for advancing our understanding of cardiac physiology and biochemistry in both healthy and diseased states, as well as for guiding the development and evaluation of novel cardiac therapies. We present a multiexcitation, ratiometric fiber-optic spectroscopic platform for noninvasive, real-time monitoring of biochemical and physiological processes in isolated Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. The system employs a fiber-optic balloon probe capable of concurrent optical measurements and intraventricular pressure sensing, thereby providing complementary physiological data. A multiedge bandpass filter enables parallel fluorescence spectroscopy, allowing simultaneous detection and analysis of both exogenous and endogenous fluorophores. Coupled with multivariate regression analysis, we demonstrate the accurate quantification of fluorophore concentrations, facilitating comprehensive assessment of cardiac biochemical and functional dynamics. To mitigate geometric variability and motion artifacts, we developed a robust ratiometric approach using paired fluorescence agents. We demonstrate the system's capability by employing the fluorescent lipophilic cation tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) as a noninvasive biomarker for mitochondrial membrane potential, extracting physiologically relevant metrics. This platform enables sensitive assessment of cardiac function with established fluorescent probes and holds promising potential as a versatile tool for investigating the dynamics of novel fluorophores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".