Distribution and abundance of Psylliodes attenuata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), the invasive hop flea beetle, in Ontario and Quebec commercial hopyards
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The univoltine flea beetle Psylliodes attenuata Koch (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a pest of commercial hops (Humulus lupulus L.), which was first recorded in North America in 2022. Overwintered adults become active in early spring and feed on basal leaves and emerging hops shoots, causing stunting of the growing bines. The next generation of adults emerges in the summer and feeds on leaves and cones, causing economic loss at high population levels. Here, we report the distribution and relative abundance of P. attenuata from the cultivar ‘Cascade’ at nine hopyards in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec that were sampled June, July, and August in 2022 and 2023 by shaking bines over a large funnel. We found P. attenuate at all but the two most southwesterly hopyards in Ontario in 2022. By August 2023, we found P. attenuata at all nine hopyards, and 2023 captures were greater than 2022 captures at each hopyard. The numbers of P. attenuata at three of the Quebec hopyards (Quebec City/Montreal area) were an order of magnitude greater (100s versus 10s) than at the other six hopyards, and leaf and cone damage was readily apparent at these three hopyards. We found seven other flea beetle (Chrysomelidae: Alticini) species but all at low numbers. It appears that P. attenuata has been established in Quebec hopyards longer than in Ontario hopyards and may be spreading from east to west. However, there are few alternate hosts of P. attenuata, so initial hopyard introductions on infested planting material and slow beetle population growth may be as plausible as long-distance spread over short time periods. Further research is needed on P. attenuata to determine risk of further spread and develop management strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".