First records of <i>Ptosima walshii</i> (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ptosima Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (Fig. 1) contains 10 extant species worldwide (Bellamy 2008) with four species occurring in North American (Nelson 1978, Nelson et al. 2008).Nelson (1978) keyed and redescribed the North American species.Plant genera records for Ptosima spp.include Crataegeus (Rosaceae), Cercis (Fabaceae) and Quercus (Fagaceae) (Paiero et al. 2012).Ptosima idolynae Frost, 1923 and P. laeta Waterhouse,1882 are confined to south central North America, whereas P. gibbicollis (Say, 1823) and P. walshii LeConte, 1863 are widely distributed in eastern North America.Bright (1987) stated that P. gibbicollis "probably occurs in southern Ontario", but makes no mention of P. walshii.Paiero et al. (2012) mapped the distribution of P. gibbicollis as occurring in Ontario.They also mapped the host range of P. walshii, as a potential distributional range for the beetle, encompassing Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec, but no records were known for these Provinces.Ptosima walshii is considered "rarely collected" (MacRae 2006) and "infrequently encountered" (Paiero et al. 2012).Nelson (1978) stated that P. walshii had been reported from Illinois, Texas, Kansas and California, suggested that the California record was doubtful, and added new State distribution records for Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio and Wisconsin.Westcott (1991) provided compelling evidence that the California record was erroneous.Records for four states that border Canada-Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin and Minnesota-are represented by a total of eight collections (Nelson 1978).The Michigan record was a single collection labeled "Ag.Coll.20.V.1889" (Nelson 1978).Westcott (1991) reported a specimen from Oklahoma.Thus, the literature records confirmed by specimens include 11 States but no Provinces.As part of a trapping study for the recently discovered European oak borer, Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America (Jendek and Grebennikov 2009, Haack et al. 2009), we collected numerous P. walshii adults in southwestern Ontario.These collections represent the first verified records of the species
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".