Novel mutualistic interaction in introduced <i>Polyommatus icarus</i> larvae in Quebec.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The European common blue Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) was introduced to Quebec in 2005 and has since become successfully established within the province. Throughout its native range, the caterpillar forms a facultative association with ants for protection from predators and parasitoids. Here, we document a novel myrmecophilous interaction between P. icarus and a native ant species, Lasius neoniger Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The only native lycaenid observed in the same habitats, Glaucopsyche lygdamus (Doubleday), also interacted with L. neoniger as a caterpillar, but displayed a different phenology from P. icarus. These findings suggest that myrmecophilous relationships, like other mutualisms, can readily emerge between novel partners under changed community contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".