The first gynandromorph record of the North American bee <i>Hylaeus modestus</i> (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gynandromorphs exhibit both male and female morphological features simultaneously and are rare amongst most genera of wild bees. This is the first description of a gynandromorph individual of Hylaeus modestus Say (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) and the first record from the subgenus Prosopis as currently defined. The specimen was passively trapped at a mixed beef pasture and crop farm near Kincardine, Ontario. It seems to be the first documented Hylaeus gynandromorph specimen from Canada and the eighth with a published record worldwide, although taxonomic complexities related to the earlier records are discussed. This specimen demonstrates bilaterally asymmetric gynandromorphism (i.e., a left/right split of female and male characteristics but with male genitalia). The proposed causes of gynandromorphism in bees, the geographical locations of former Hylaeus gynandromorph reports, and considerations regarding the behavioural activity of bilaterally asymmetric Hylaeus spp. exhibiting male reproductive organs are briefly discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".