First Canadian record of the specialist hibiscus bee, <i>Ptilothrix bombiformis</i> (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ptilothrix Smith (hymenoptera: apidae) is a relatively uncommon, amphitropical genus in the Western hemisphere with two described species in north america: Ptilothrix bombiformis (Cresson) (an eastern species occurring from Connecticut and new york west to Kansas, south to Texas and Florida), and P. sumichrasti (Cresson) (a south western species ranging from along the border of arizona and new Mexico into Mexico and Guatemala) (Krombein et al. 1979;Michener 2007; roig-alsina 2007; GBiF 2020a; GBiF 2020b).as this genus has not previously been recorded in Canada, here we document the first Canadian occurrence records of the specialist hibiscus bee P. bombiformis.Six female P. bombiformis specimens were collected from Ojibway Prairie Provincial nature reserve in Windsor, Ontario, a high-quality oak savannah remnant, in the late summer of 2018.We discuss the plant associations and preferred nesting substrates for this species and speculate that our records represent a recent range expansion into Canada.Established in 1977, Ojibway Prairie Provincial nature reserve (42° 15'35.00"n,83° 04'10.00"W), is a 65-hectare provincial park and one of the largest remnants of oak savannah in Canada (Szeicz and Macdonald 1991;Shorthouse 2010).The nature reserve is one part of the 350-hectare Ojibway Prairie Complex and, along with municipally operated Ojibway Park, Tallgrass Prairie heritage Park, Spring Garden natural area, and Black Oak heritage Park, is designated as an area of natural and Scientific interest and a Carolinian Canada site of importance (Paiero et al. 2010; Ontario Ministry of natural resources 2015).The complex is a biodiversity hotspot where many rare plants and insects occur. in fact, it represents the northern range extension in the nearctic of species such as Olixon banksii (Brues) (hymenoptera: rhopalosomatidae) and is the only known location of Loxocera ojibwayensis Buck (diptera: Psilidae) (Buck and Marshall 2006; Paiero et al. 2010).all P. bombiformis specimens were collected in blue-vane traps (SpringStar inc.) during the late summer of 2018.Each sampling unit had one pan trap array with a yellow, blue, and white pan trap (White Plastic Solo Bowls (12 oz): either spray painted with rustoleum Oasis Blue (code: 281002), or rustoleum Gloss Sun yellow (code: 253712) or left unpainted) placed on the ground, 3-5 m apart in a triangle pattern, and one bluevane trap placed at a height of 1-2 m from the ground, 5 m from the pan trap array.a total
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".