THE DOUBLE-EDGED SCALPEL: EXPERIENCES AND PERCEPTIONS OF PREGNANCY AND PARENTHOOD DURING CANADIAN SURGICAL RESIDENCY TRAINING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The proportion of female medical students in Canada is continually increasing, yet only 32% of Canadian surgeons in 2020 were female. Prolonged surgical residency training, infertility associated with delaying pregnancy, and increased obstetrical complications have been shown to contribute to the disproportionate lack of females in surgical specialties. Our aim was to gain insights into the current climate of parenthood during surgical training in Canada. An online survey was sent out in August 2022 to all surgical residents in Canada. All respondents were asked about perceptions of pregnancy and parenthood during surgical training, while parents were asked about parental leave/accommodations, and pregnancy complications. Chi squared tests were used to compare responses from female versus male residents. 272 responses were obtained. We had a high proportion of responses from women (61.8%) and orthopaedic surgery residents (29.0%) (Table 1). Fifty-six women reported 76 pregnancy events during their training; 62.5% of pregnancies had complications. Men were less aware of increased pregnancy complication rates in surgeons; 27.3% of men versus 86.7% of women agreed or strongly agreed that surgeons have higher pregnancy complication rates than the general population (p less likely to believe that pregnant residents should be offered modified duties (74.2% of men, 90.0% of women, p=0.003). Women were more likely to experience significant stigma or bias due to their parental status (43% of women, 0% of men, p negative comments related to pregnancy during training from staff or co-residents compared to men (58.5% of women, 40.7% of men, p=0.013). Women were more likely to agree or strongly agree that there is negative stigma attached to being pregnant during training (62.7% of women, 42.7% of men, p=0.01), whereas men were more likely to disagree or strongly disagree that parental leave during training has an impact on future job prospects (43.8% of men, 29.3% of women, p < 0 .001). The experiences of pregnancy and parenthood during surgical training in Canada differ significantly between female and male surgical residents. Women experience high rates of pregnancy complications, stigma and bias, and negative comments. Working towards gender equity in surgical specialities necessitates addressing prevailing parenthood inequalities. For any figures or tables, please contact the authors directly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".