Impact of continental configuration on the climate response to greenhouse-gas forcing in an idealized GCM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of continental configuration on the climate response to greenhouse-gas forcing remains poorly understood. Here, we use an idealized model with equal land-ocean coverage to investigate how the spatial distribution of land modulates the climate response to increased carbon-dioxide concentrations. When land is concentrated in the tropics, equilibrium climate sensitivity is lower due to a weaker water vapor feedback, land-ocean warming contrasts are minimal, and near-surface land relative humidity decreases little. By contrast, when land is primarily in polar regions, equilibrium climate sensitivity is higher, land-ocean warming contrasts are pronounced, and near-surface land relative humidity declines substantially. The largest land-ocean warming contrast occurs when land spans pole-to-pole within a single hemisphere. Changes in near-surface land relative humidity can be primarily attributed to changes in oceanic moisture transport and local land surface evaporation. These results highlight the critical role of continental configuration in shaping Earth's climate under greenhouse-gas forcing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".