Curvature-Induced Plasmonic 3D-Graphene/Si Broadband Photodetectors for Information Encryption and Image Acquisition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon-based photodetectors show great potential for infrared imaging and communication owing to superior electrical, optical, and modulation properties. Yet, planar graphene suffers from low absorption, high recombination, and noise. This study presents a 3D-graphene/Si Schottky photodetector based on curvature-induced localized plasmonic resonance (CLPR). The 3D-graphene creates nanoresonant cavities, extending the optical path via multiple reflections/refractions to boost absorption. CLPR-induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) intensifies the optical field, enabling dual-enhanced absorption. This design improves transport and lowers noise to about 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> A/Hz<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup>. The device delivers 11 A/W of responsivity at 1550 nm, detectivity of 1.07×10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> Jones, and rise/fall times of 267/260 μs, with excellent stability and self-powered operation. Demonstrated in information encryption and 128 × 128 pixels imaging, it offers a promising route to multimodal information security.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".