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First Differential Measurement of the Single <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> Production Cross Section in Neutrino Neutral-Current Scattering
K. Abe, S. Abe, R. Akutsu, H. Alarakia-Charles, Y. I. Alj Hakim, S. Alonso Monsalve, L. Anthony, S. Aoki, K. A. Apte, T. Arai, T. Arihara, S. Arimoto, Y. Ashida, E. T. Atkin, N. Kishore Babu, В. А. Баранов, G. J. Barker, G. Barr, D. Barrow, Paul Bates, L. Bathe-Peters, M. Batkiewicz, N. Baudis, V. Berardi, L. Berns, S. Bhattacharjee, Adrien Blanchet, A. Blondel, S. Bolognesi, S. Bordoni, S.B Boyd, C. Bronner, A. Bubak, M. Buizza Avanzini, J. A. Caballero, F. Cadoux, N. F. Calabria, S. Cao, S. Cap, D. Carabadjac, S. L. Cartwright, M. P. Casado, M. G. Catanesi, J. Chakrani, Anne Chalumeau, A. Chvirova, G Collazuol, F Cormier, A. A. L. Craplet, A. Cudd, D. D’Ago, C. Dalmazzone, T. Daret, Prokar Dasgupta, C. Davis, Yu. I. Davydov, G. De Rosa, T. Dealtry, C. Densham, A. Dergacheva, Rajat Banerjee, F. Di Lodovico, G. Lopez, S. Dolan, D. Douqa, T. A. Doyle, O. Drapier, K. E. Duffy, J. Dumarchez, P. Dunne, K. Dygnarowicz, A. Eguchi, J. E. Elias, S. Emery-Schrenk, G. Erofeev, A. Ershova, G. Eurin, D. Fedorova, S. Fedotov, M Feltre, Yufeng Li, D. Ferlewicz, A.J. Finch, M. D. Fitton, C. Forza, M. Friend, Y. Fujii, Y. Fukuda, Y. Furui, J. García-Marcos, A. C. Germer, L. Giannessi, C. Giganti, V. Glagolev, M. Gonin, R. González-Jiménez, J. González Rosa, E. A. G. Goodman, K. Gorshanov, P. Govindaraj, M. Grassi, M. Guigue, Flynn Guo, D. R. Hadley, S. Han, D. A. Harris, Robert J. Harris, T. Hasegawa, Ciaran Hasnip, S. Hassani, N. C. Hastings, Y. Hayato, I. Heitkamp, D. Henaff, Y. Hino, J. Holeczek, A. Holin, T. Holvey, N. T. Hong Van, Takashi Honjo, M. C. F. Hooft, K. Hosokawa, Jun Hu, A. K. Ichikawa, K. Ieki, M. Ikeda, Toru Ishida, M. Ishitsuka, A. Izmaylov, N. Jachowicz, S. J. Jenkins, C. Jesús-Valls, Mingxing Jia, J. J. Jiang, Julie Y. Ji, Thomas Peter Jones, P. Jonsson, S. Joshi, M. Kabirnezhad, A. C. Kaboth, H. Kakuno, J. Kameda, S. Karpova, V. S. Kasturi, Y. Kataoka, T. Katori, Yuta Kawamura, M Kawaue, E. Kearns, M. Khabibullin, A. Khotjantsev, T. Kikawa, S. King, V. Kiseeva, J. Kisiel, A. Klustová, L. Kneale, Hiroaki Kobayashi, L. Koch, S. Kodama, M. Kolupanova, A. Konaka, L. L. Kormos, Y. Koshio, K. Kowalik, Y. Kudenko, Y. Kudo, A. Kumar Jha, R. Kurjata, V. Kurochka, T. Kutter, L. Labarga, Mário Lachat, K. Lachner, J. Łagoda, S.M Lakshmi, M. Lamers James, A. Langella, David Langridge, J. F. Laporte, D. Last, N Latham, M. Laveder, M. Lawe, D. Leon Silverio, S. Levorato, S. Lewis, Botao Li, C. Lin, S. L. Liu, W. Li, A. Longhin, A. Lopez Moreno, L Ludovici, X. Lu, T. Lux, L. N. Machado, L. Magaletti, K. Mahn, K. K. Mahtani, M. Mandal, S. Manly, A. D. Marino, D. Martin, D. A. Martinez Caicedo, Lluisa Maria Mir Martinez, M. Martini, T. Matsubara, R. Matsumoto, V. Matveev, C. Mauger, K. Mavrokoridis, N. McCauley, K. S. McFarland, Joseph W. McKean, A. Mefodiev, G. D. Megias, L. Mellet, M. Mezzetto, S. Miki, V. Mikola, E. W. Miller, A. Minamino, O. Mineev, S. Mine, J. Mirabito, M. Miura, S. Moriyama, P. Morrison, Th. A. Mueller, D. Munford, Alfonso Muñoz, L. Munteanu, Y. Nagai, T. Nakadaira, K. Nakagiri, M. Nakahata, Y. Nakajima, K. D. Nakamura, Y. Nakano, S. Nakayama, T. Nakaya, K. Nakayoshi, C. E. R. Naseby, Doan Trang Nguyen, V.Q Nguyen, K. Niewczas, S. Nishimori, Y. Nishimura, Y. Noguchi, T. Nosek, F. Nova, J. C. Nugent, H. M. O’Keeffe, L. O’Sullivan, R. Okazaki, W. Okinaga, K. Okumura, T. Okusawa, Nobuhiko Onda, N. Ospina, L. Osu, Y. Oyama, V. Paolone, J. Pasternak, Marvin Pfaff, L. Pickering, B. Popov, A. J. Portocarrero Yrey, M. Posiadała-Zezula, Y. S. Prabhu, Hari Prasad, F. Pupilli, B. Quilain, P. T. Quyen, E. Radicioni, B. Radics, M. A. Ramirez, Richard Ramsden, P. N. Ratoff, M. Reh, G. Anthony Reina, C. Riccio, D. Riley, E. Rondio, S. Roth, N. Roy, A. Rubbia, L. Russo, A. Rychter, W. Saenz, K. Sakashita, F. Sánchez, W. Sands, Yosuke Sato, T. Schefke, C. M. Schloesser, K. Scholberg, Michael J. Scott, Y. Seiya, T. Sekiguchi, H. Sekiya, T. Sekiya, D. Seppala, D. Sgalaberna, A. Shaikhiev, M. Shiozawa, Yoshimitsu Shiraishi, A. Shvartsman, N. Skrobova, K. Skwarczynski, D. Smyczek, M. B. Smy, J. T. Sobczyk, H. Sobel, A. J. Speers, R. Spina, Alok Kumar Srivastava, Y. Stroke, I. A. Suslov, A. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, M. Tada, S. Tairafune, A. Takeda, Y Takeuchi, H. K. Tanaka, H. Tanigawa, V. V. Tereshchenko, N. Thamm, N. V. Tran, T. Tsukamoto, M. Tzanov, Y. Uchida, M. R. Vagins, M. Varghese, Igor Vasilyev, G. Vasseur, E. Villa, U. Virginet, T. Vladisavljevic, T. Wachala, Daisuke Wakabayashi, H. T. Wallace, J. Walsh, L. Wan, D. Wark, M. O. Wascko, A. Weber, R. Wendell, M. J. Wilking, C. Wilkinson, J. R. Wilson, K. Wood, C. Wret, J. Xia, Kei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, Ying Yang, T. Yano, N. Yershov, U Yevarouskaya, Y. Yoshimoto, Nagamitsu Yoshimura, R. Zaki, A. Zalewska, J. Zalipska, G. Zarnecki, Jiawen Zhang, Xingyu Zhao, Hairong Zheng, H. Zhong, Taiyu Zhu, M. Ziembicki, E. D. Zimmerman, M. Zito, S. Zsoldos
Bibliographic record
VenuePhysical Review Letters · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicNeutrino Physics Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British ColumbiaYork UniversityTRIUMFInstitute of Particle Physics
FundersHORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie ActionsEuropean Regional Development FundJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceNational Research Council CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesScience and Technology Facilities CouncilHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationNemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNational Energy Research Scientific Computing CenterCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareEuropean CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónNarodowe Centrum NaukiSorbonne UniversitéGeneralitat de CatalunyaRussian Science FoundationMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyAgence Nationale de la RechercheU.S. Department of EnergyAlliance de recherche numérique du Canada“la Caixa” FoundationNational Foundation for Science and Technology DevelopmentRoyal SocietyNextGenerationEUCanada Foundation for InnovationUK Research and InnovationEuropean Research CouncilCERNMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiDepartament d'Empresa i Coneixement, Generalitat de CatalunyaCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
KeywordsNeutrinoNeutrino oscillationNormalization (sociology)Scattering cross-sectionPionCross section (physics)ScatteringOscillation (cell signaling)
Abstract
Since its first observation in the 1970s, neutrino-induced neutral-current single positive pion production (NC1π^{+}) has remained an elusive and poorly understood interaction channel. This process is a significant background in neutrino oscillation experiments and studying it further is critical for the physics program of next-generation accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments. In this Letter, we present the first double-differential cross-section measurement of NC1π^{+} interactions using data from the ND280 detector of the T2K experiment collected in ν-beam mode. The measured flux-averaged integrated cross section is σ=(6.07±1.22)×10^{-41} cm^{2}/nucleon. We compare the results on a hydrocarbon target to the predictions of several neutrino interaction generators and final-state-interaction models. While model predictions agree with the differential results, the data show a weak preference for a cross-section normalization approximately 30% higher than predicted by most models studied in this Letter.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.898
Threshold uncertainty score0.999
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.278
Teacher spread0.252 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes