Tuning the f Band for Enhanced Surface Redox in Strained Rare Earth Oxides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
) are essential in catalysis due to their 4f band-governed surface redox properties, which influence crucial reactions such as hydrogen dissociation and water formation. However, correlating the 4f band structure with catalytic activity has been a long-standing challenge due to the complexities of manipulating and characterizing 4f electrons. Here, we demonstrate that tensile strain effectively modulates the 4f electronic structure, narrowing the band gap and activating surface oxygen, leading to enhanced redox activity. Using atomically flat ceria ultrathin films under up to a 7% biaxial strain range, we observed a five-fold increase in surface reaction kinetics via time-resolved ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Complementary density functional theory calculations reveal that the tensile strain reduces energy barriers for key catalytic steps by narrowing the 4f-2p band gap. These findings highlight the RE 4f electronic structure as a critical descriptor for catalysis and demonstrate the utility of atomically flat model systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".