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Record W4415504630 · doi:10.21123/2411-7986.5083

Seasonal Variation of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Biomass in Correlation With Physio-Chemical Variables of Some Water Bodies in Dolly Smaquli, Erbil, Iraq

2025· article· en· W4415504630 on OpenAlex
Sana Kayfi Najmadden, Luay A. Ali

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueBaghdad Science Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicFish Biology and Ecology Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsZooplanktonPhytoplanktonPlanktonSeasonalityNutrientNitrateBiomass (ecology)Water qualityProductivity

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The seasonal variation of phytoplankton and zooplankton groups in correlation with physio-chemical variables has been examined by monthly water samples from eight distinct locations in Smaquli Dam and Streams within Dolly Smaquli in Erbil city, Iraq. The sampling time spans from September 2021 to August 2022. Nineteen physical and chemical variables were examined including Air and water temperature, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Turbidity, pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Nitrite (NO2), Nitrate (NO3), Reactive phosphate (PO4), Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+, SO4–2 and Cl–. The findings about planktonic communities revealed a range of total zooplankton numbers, which varied from non-detectable to 17,833 individuals. l–3. The overall population of phytoplankton amounted to 2971 cells. l–1 to 3,832,590 cells. l–1. The phytoplankton productivity and zooplankton total number were higher at Dam impoundment sites compared with Stream sites. However, the direct grazing relationship of zooplankton on phytoplankton was noticed in both types of ecosystems. The observed fluctuations in plankton’s functional groups throughout different seasons underscore the significance of physical and chemical variables. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) between environmental variables and dominant groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton indicated that environmental variables such as Water temperature, pH, Turbidity, DO, BOD5 and Nutrients are important factors that influence on monthly variation of plankton functional groups in freshwater ecosystem. Nevertheless, the status of the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) for all locations falls under the "Fair" category for drinking.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.505
Threshold uncertainty score0.216

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.206
Teacher spread0.199 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it