Challenges in Responding to Cannabis-Impaired Motor Vehicle Drivers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cannabis is a drug that is widely used in North America, Europe, and Oceania (1) by young adults ages 18 to 25 years who are at the highest risk of being in motor vehicle crashes that injure or kill them and other drivers (2). Its use has been shown in laboratory and road studies (3) to impair driving performance, and governments have introduced policies to discourage cannabis use by drivers (4, 5). A study by Fitzgerald et al. (6) in the current issue raises serious doubts about the scientific validity of using measures of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the primary active ingredient of cannabis) in blood to identify cannabis-impaired drivers. Jurisdictions in Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States have passed laws that specify various levels of THC in blood (e.g., 2 ng/mL or 5 ng/mL) as prima facie evidence that a driver was impaired by cannabis (5). Some jurisdictions have passed zero-tolerance laws that treat any detectable level of THC in blood (e.g., >0.5 ng/mL) as evidence of cannabis-impaired driving (5).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".