Oxidative stress in dogs with cardiorenal syndrome caused by endocardiosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defense were registered in dogs with endocardiosis. Complication of underlying pathology in the form of cardiorenal syndrome leads to aggravation of lipid peroxidation processes and causes further decrease in activity of enzymes of antioxidant defense system of animal organism. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in the processes of formation and progression of cardiorenal syndrome in dogs with endocardiosis. Concentration of malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, diene conjugates, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase were measured in venous blood serum samples from 24 dogs with uncomplicated forms of endocardiosis, 31 dogs with endocardiosis complicated by cardiorenal syndrome, and 22 healthy dogs. Compared with the group of healthy dogs, dogs with endocardiosis were diagnosed with statistically significantly higher median of serum concentrations of malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin, diene conjugates, as well as statistically significantly lower activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, which indicates activation and progression of lipid peroxidation processes against the background of simultaneous decrease in parameters of antioxidant defense system. Presence of cardiorenal syndrome in dogs with endocardiosis led to a sharp increase in manifestations of oxidative stress, which should be considered by clinicians when optimizing therapeutic and preventive measures. Lipid peroxidation products, as well as indicators of enzyme systems of antioxidant defense can be used as potential biomarkers of the development of cardiorenal complications in dogs with endocardiosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".