Prevalence of anemia in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A retrospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by headaches, blurry vision, and papilledema. Previous studies have shown that treating IIH-associated anemia could reduce the complications of IIH, and this study aims to investigate that relationship further. This study is a retrospective cohort of all IIH patients at the neurology department at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to December 2024. The inclusion criteria were the revised Friedman diagnostic criteria for IIH, excluding patients without recent complete blood count test, imaging, lumbar puncture, or with another etiology for increased intracranial pressure. A total of 61 patients were considered eligible for inclusion in the study. A total of 29 patients (47.5%) have anemia, and 32 (52.5%) do not have anemia. Anemic patients were observed to be younger than non-anemic patients (31 ± 12.40 vs 38.6 ± 13.60, P = .028). IIH patients with anemia demonstrated a nonsignificant trend toward higher frequencies of blurred vision (44.8% vs 34.4%), diplopia (20.7% vs 9.4%), and transit visual obscurations (17.2% vs 9.4%) compared with non-anemic patients (P > .05). This study identified a high prevalence of anemia among patients with IIH. While the precise relationship between anemia and IIH remains uncertain, our study concluded that anemic IIH patients tend to be younger. Given this association, incorporating a complete blood count into the standard diagnostic evaluation for IIH may help identify contributing factors and guide more comprehensive patient management. Future research should further explore the clinical significance of this relationship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".