Rediscovery and Ecology of the Capulin Mountain Alberta Arctic Butterfly: Informing Data Collection for Rare Endemics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Insect conservation in the southwestern United States is hindered by limited information on distribution, phenology, and habitat, especially for small-range endemics. The Capulin Mountain Alberta Arctic butterfly ( Oeneis alberta capulinensis F.M. Brown, 1970), a New Mexico Species of Greatest Conservation Need, is restricted to the Raton Mesa Complex and threatened by isolation, low dispersal, and extirpation from its type locality. We surveyed historic and potential sites to document current distribution, refine flight phenology, investigate larval host plant use, and assess habitat condition. Our results confirm extant populations, identify the larval host plant ( Festuca idahoensis Elmer), and describe habitat as montane grasslands with limited woody encroachment. A habitat suitability model predicted additional potentially occupied areas, highlighting under-explored habitat for future monitoring. This study provides the first comprehensive ecological assessment of O. a. capulinensis and establishes a framework for documenting poorly known endemic insects to guide future research and survey design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".