The baseline vaginal immune milieu is an important determinant of the inflammatory response induced by penile-vaginal sex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elevated cervicovaginal cytokines/chemokines and epithelial disruption are associated with HIV risk. While penile-vaginal sex induces transient cervicovaginal inflammation and epithelial disruption, there is considerable interindividual heterogeneity. We defined genital inflammation using a multi-cytokine score and hypothesized that sex-induced inflammation would depend on the pre-existing vaginal immune milieu. We quantified HIV-associated immune factors in cervicovaginal secretions of HIV-uninfected women before and 1 h after penile-vaginal sex. Cervicovaginal IgA and IgG increased after sex, and baseline IgA was associated with inflammatory cytokines and epithelial disruption. Post-sex vaginal immune factors strongly associated and clustered with pre-sex concentrations, and participants with baseline inflammation remained inflamed after sex. Sex induced greater relative changes in inflammatory cytokines and epithelial disruption among participants with lower baseline levels, but not in chemokines. In conclusion, the baseline vaginal milieu determines the inflammatory effects of sex; specifically, sex elicits a greater change in inflammatory responses in women with baseline vaginal immunoquiescence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".