Multiple forcing mechanisms determine geomorphology of Northumberland Strait, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analysis of multibeam sonar and LiDAR data permits interpretation of submarine landforms in eastern Northumberland Strait, part of the St. Lawrence Estuary system, eastern Canada. Landforms are interpreted in the light of multiple forcing mechanisms, principally: (1) glaciation; (2) postglacial relative sea-level fluctuations; (3) spatial variability of tidal currents; and (4) modern sea-ice impact. Bedrock exposures testify to relatively thin glacial sediments. Glacial landforms comprise ribbed moraines and glacial meltwater channels. The study area was emergent in the early Holocene, as evidenced by fluvial channels and former lakes in the Cape Tormentine area. Today, spatially varying tidal forces are strong determinants of geomorphology, and several landforms zones are identified: (1) tidal-swept zones at Abegweit Passage and Caribou, characterized by seafloor scour and scattered bedform fields; (2) the area of weak tidal circulation between the Abegweit and Caribou zones ‒ a low-relief sediment depocenter with littoral zone ridge-and-runnel beach systems, and estuaries; (3) transition zones located between the central depocenter and the tidal-current zones feature sediment drifts; (4) the tidal gyre at East Point, Prince Edward Island, which has formed Milne Bank; and (5) an area east of Caribou, where weaker tidal forces and stronger wave influence are evidenced by alongshore transport embayments between Milne Bank and Souris and the east-facing coast north of Cape Bear, where sediment is trapped in compartments isolated from one another. Modern sea-ice disturbance of the seabed (range -1 to -8 m) is most extensive in the Pictou Banks area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".