A Case of Insulin Edema Syndrome Improved by Weekly Insulin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insulin edema is a rare complication of insulin therapy, typically occurring during treatment initiation or intensification. We report a 55-year-old woman with a longstanding diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c 11.8% [4.3%-6.0%]) with low adherence to insulin therapy due to the rapid onset of peripheral edema and weight gain following insulin injections. Secondary etiologies of edema were ruled out, and she was diagnosed with insulin edema syndrome. Various types of insulin were tried, including an automated insulin delivery, which worsened her edema and weight gain, leading to discontinuation of all insulins. She was later diagnosed with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Weekly insulin icodec was introduced, which was well-tolerated by the patient and improved her adherence to therapy and her insulin edema without significant weight gain. Insulin edema is a diagnosis of exclusion, and clinicians should be aware of this clinical entity. The use of third-generation long-acting insulin analog may be helpful in some patients with this syndrome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".