Psychometric properties of the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity 2 (SMS-PA2) in Brazilian adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of the research was to estimate the validity evidence based on internal structure by testing different factorial models and internal consistency for the Brazilian version of the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA2) in a sample of physical exercise and sport practitioners. The sample consisted of 231 participants aged between 18 and 72 years. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the adjustment indices of the unifactorial, four correlated factors (mind monitoring, body monitoring, mind acceptance, and body acceptance), four factors with a second-order dimension, and bifactor models were compared. The results indicated better adjustments for the bifactor model (CFI = .990, TLI = .987, RMSEA = .035), with good fit indices (ω = .88 – .93; α = .70 - .93). We estimated validity evidence based on relations to other variables: positive affect, satisfaction with exercise, and negative affect. We conclude that the Brazilian version of the SMS-PA2 is an adequate measure, corresponding to the bifactorial theoretical proposal that gave rise to the construct. This structure enhances its applicability for assessing mindfulness, providing an expanded tool to improve research and practice in sports and physical exercise contexts. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue estimar la evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna mediante la prueba de diferentes modelos factoriales y la consistencia interna para la versión brasileña de la Escala de Atención Plena para la Actividad Física (SMS-PA2) en una muestra de practicantes de ejercicio físico y deporte. La muestra consistió en 231 participantes con edades entre 18 y 72 años. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, se compararon los índices de ajuste de los modelos unifactorial, de cuatro factores correlacionados (monitoreo mental, monitoreo corporal, aceptación mental y aceptación corporal), de cuatro factores con una dimensión de segundo orden y bifactorial. Los resultados indicaron mejores ajustes para el modelo bifactorial (CFI = .990, TLI = .987, RMSEA = .035), con buenos índices de ajuste (ω = .88 – .93; α = .70 - .93). Estimamos la evidencia de validez basada en las relaciones con otras variables (es decir, convergente y discriminante): afecto positivo, satisfacción con el ejercicio y afecto negativo. Concluimos que la versión brasileña del SMS-PA2 es una medida adecuada, correspondiente a la propuesta teórica bifactorial que dio origen al constructo. Esta estructura mejora su aplicabilidad para evaluar la atención plena, proporcionando una herramienta ampliada para mejorar tanto la investigación como la práctica en contextos deportivos y de ejercicio físico. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi estimar a evidência de validade baseada na estrutura interna por meio da análise de diferentes modelos fatoriais e da consistência interna para a versão brasileira da Escala de Mindfulness para Atividade Física (SMS-PA2) numa amostra de praticantes de exercício físico e desporto. Participaram 231 participantes sujeitos com idades entre 18 e 72 anos. Por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória, foram comparados os índices de ajustamento dos modelos unifatorial, de quatro fatores correlacionados (monitorização mental, monitorização corporal, aceitação mental e aceitação corporal), de quatro fatores com uma dimensão de segunda ordem e bifatorial. Os resultados indicaram melhor ajustamento para o modelo bifatorial (CFI = ,990, TLI = ,987, RMSEA = ,035), com bons índices de precisão (ω = ,88 – ,93; α = ,70 - ,93). Estimamos a evidência de validade com base nas relações com outras variáveis (ou seja, convergente e discriminante): afeto positivo, satisfação com o exercício e afeto negativo. Concluímos que a versão brasileira do SMS-PA2 é uma medida adequada, correspondente à proposta teórica bifatorial que deu origem ao construto. Essa estrutura aprimora sua aplicabilidade para avaliar a atenção plena, fornecendo uma ferramenta expandida para aprimorar tanto a pesquisa quanto a prática em contextos desportivos e de exercícios físicos.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".