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Record W4415586417 · doi:10.21083/crrf.v29i1.7653

Agritourism as Rural Development andFarm Diversification: A Southwest Ontario Case Study

2025· article· W4415586417 on OpenAlexaffabout
Heather L. Reid, John Smithers

Bibliographic record

VenueProceedings of the Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicWine Industry and Tourism
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Guelph
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRural tourismWineryTourismWork (physics)Diversification (marketing strategy)Rural developmentRural areaAgricultureRevenueLeverage (statistics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The character of many Canadian rural regions is changing rapidly as, on one hand, many farms become larger, more specialized and more embedded in a global food system while at the same time (ex)urban actors increasingly influence rural economies with new expectations of rural spaces. The latter are creating new possibilities for those family farms who are seeking a different path than corporatization and intensification. Agritourism is one strategy used by small to medium sized farms to capitalize on these new possibilities while simultaneously remain within the agricultural sector. Considering this context, this research aims to understand and document the role of agritourism as a form of farm diversification and rural development in Essex County, Ontario. This was accomplished through a discourse analysis of the County’s 2016 agritourism-related marketing materials and semi-structured interviews conducted with agritourism farm owners, winery owners, and representatives of the destination marketing organization (DMO). The results highlight the many facets of collaborative tourism development between wineries, agritourism farms, and tourism organizations. Differentiated marketing exists between food, agriculture, and wine, which may reflect the active collaboration between winery owners and the DMO to co-create a wine destination and the tendency of many agritourism farms to work in silos and cultivate a personal niche without regard for regional branding or destination creation. However, noted convergences and divergences between marketing strategies and farmers’ perceptions of the role and services of agritourism indicate potential missed connections and opportunities for the developing tourism destination to leverage its local resources more fully.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.064
Threshold uncertainty score0.462

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.004
Science and technology studies0.0190.005
Scholarly communication0.0030.001
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.232
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueProceedings of the Canadian Rural Revitalization FoundationSame topicWine Industry and TourismFrench-language works237,207